By clean coal technologies we should understand technologies designed in order to improve efficiency of coal output, processing, and utilization, as well as increase of acceptance of those processes considering their influence on the natural environment.
The main subdomains connected with Clean Coal Technologies are as follows:
1.Safe and economical mining and preparing ultra-clean coal for the purposes of power engineering in aspect of new technological solutions in producing terminal energy carriers.
2.Systems of coal conversion into useful energy carriers, including:
3.Reducing of harmful substances emission (such as carbon dioxide) in carbon utilization processes.
Actions taken by coal power stations to reduce carbon dioxide emission belong to the EU power engineering priorities. Therefore, according to assumptions of the European Commission politics, until 2015 10-12 pilotage energetic installations will arise in the EU countries. Although, they are based on coal, they will not emit climate harmful carbon dioxide.
One of the first non-emissive power stations is built several kilometers away from Polish border, in a German town Schwarze Pumpe. The instalation is built by a Swedish concern Vatenfall, which has its branch in Poland. Is is estimated that a non-emissive power station on industrial scale can arise there. The pilotage object is built nearby working power station, fired with brown coal. The power station, which is to be launched in the middle of next year, will have the power of 30 megawatt and will be equipped with a system catching carbon dioxide.
Vatenfall has started the project in 2001. According to the plan, it should be finished with designing a demonstration power station having 250 megawatt of power, as well as creating a concept suitable to be implied on the industrial scale. It will be accessible to initiate until 2020 at the latest.
In a nutshell, the idea is to separate CO2 from combustion gases created in power stations, CO2 compression (reducing its volume), and then changing its state from gas to liquid and store it in appropriate geological formations deep under the surface of land.
The application of so called Clean Coal Technologies brings interest among many other global power engineering concerns, like General Electric, E. On, RWE, Powerfuel, and British Gas. Południowy Koncern Energetyczny also wants to engage into building one of the pilotage power stations.
Data given by Euracoal states that the cost of building non-emissive power station is about 30-40 % higher than traditional one. It is estimated that the cost of building1 MW in non-emissive power station would be about 2 million euro.
However, such enterprises have a chance to be co-financed from the EU 7th Framework Programme that supports research projects. This programme is planned for the years 2007-2013 and has a budget of 53 billion euro.
The non-emissive technologies are the future of world’s power engineering, especially in the context of growing prices of carbon dioxide emission, which is combined with EU guidelines. The European Commission acknowledged carbon dioxide as one of the main causes of the greenhouse effect. Therefore, the EC has proposed to reduce its emission by 20 % until 2020.
Samorząd i region
Miasta na prawach powiatu wciąż najbardziej zadłużone. Śląskie z najniższym długiem na mieszkańca
Miasta na prawach powiatu od lat są najbardziej zadłużoną grupą samorządów. Według najnowszych danych Krajowej Rady Regionalnych Izb Rachunkowych ich łączny dług to blisko połowa zobowiązań wszystkich jednostek samorządu terytorialnego. Najwięcej powiatów grodzkich jest w woj. śląskim, ale to w tym regionie są te najmniej zadłużone w przeliczeniu na jednego mieszkańca.
